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[Original Title: The Mythology of the British Islands; and introduction to Celtic Myth, Legend, Poetry and Romance, published London, Blackie and Son Limited]
Celtic Myth and Legend Poetry and Romance
by Charles Squire 1905
With Illustrations in Colour and Monochrome after Paintings by J.H.F. Bacon, A.R.A. & other Artists
LUGH'S ENCLOSURE
Chapter I. The Interest and Importance of Celtic Mythology
Chapter II. The Sources of Our Knowledge of the Celtic Mythology
Chapter III. Who Were the ''Ancient Britons''?
Chapter IV. The Religion of the Ancient Britons and Druidism
The Gaelic Gods
Chapter V. The Gods of the Gaels
Chapter VII. The Rise of the Sun-God
Chapter VIII. The Gaelic Argonauts
Chapter IX. The War with the Giants
Chapter X. The Conquest of the Gods by Mortals
Chapter XIII. Some Gaelic Love-Stories
Chapter XIV. Finn and the Fenians
Chapter XV. The Decline and Fall of the Gods
The British Gods
Chapter XVI. The Gods of the Britons
Chapter XVII. The Adventures of the Gods of Hades
Chapter XVIII. The Wooing of Branwen and the Beheading of Brân
Chapter XIX. The War of Enchantments
Chapter XX. The Victories of Light Over Darkness
Chapter XXI. The Mythological ''Coming of Arthur''
Chapter XXII. The Treasures of Britain
Chapter XXIII. The Gods as King Arthur's Knights
Chapter XXIV. The Decline and Fall of the Gods
Survivals of Celtic Paganism
Chapter XXV. Survivals of the Celtic Paganism into Modern Times
Appendix
A Few Books upon Celtic Mythology and
Literature
Index
Table of Pronunciation for the More Difficult
Words
PREFACE
This book is what its author believes to be the only attempt yet made to put the English reader into possession, in clear, compact, and what it is hoped may prove agreeable, form, of the mythical, legendary, and poetic traditions of the earliest inhabitants of our islands who have left us written records--the Gaelic and the British Celts. It is true that admirable translations and paraphrases of much of Gaelic mythical saga have been recently published, and that Lady Charlotte Guest's translation of the Mabinogion has been placed within the reach of the least wealthy reader. But these books not merely each cover a portion only of the whole ground, but, in addition, contain little elucidatory matter. Their characters stand isolated and unexplained; and the details that would explain them must be sought for with considerable trouble in the lectures and essays of scholars to learned societies. The reader to whom this literature is entirely new is introduced, as it were, to numerous people of whose antecedents he knows nothing; and the effect is often disconcerting enough to make him lay down the volume in despair.
But here he will at last make the formal acquaintance of all the chief characters of Celtic myth: of the Gaelic gods and the giants against whom they struggled; of the "Champions of the Red Branch" of Ulster, heroes of a martial epopee almost worthy to be placed beside "the tale of Troy divine"; and of Finn and his Fenians. He will meet also with the divine and heroic personages of the ancient Britons: with their earliest gods, kin to the members of the Gaelic Pantheon; as well as with Arthur and his Knights, whom he will recognize as no mortal champions, but belonging to the same mythic company Of all these mighty figures the histories will be briefly recorded, from the time of their unquestioned godhood, through their various transformations, to the last doubtful, dying recognition of them in the present day, as "fairies". Thus the volume will form a kind of handbook to a subject of growing importance--the so-called "Celtic Renaissance", which is, after all, no more--and, indeed, no less--than an endeavour to refresh the vitality of English poetry at its most ancient native fount.
The book does not, of course, profess to be for Celtic scholars, to whom, indeed, its author himself owes all that is within it. It aims only at interesting the reader familiar with the mythologies of Greece, Rome, and Scandinavia in another, and a nearer, source of poetry. Its author's wish is to offer those who have fallen, or will fall, under the attraction of Celtic legend and romance, just such a volume as he himself would once have welcomed, and for which he sought in vain. It is his hope that, in choosing from the considerable, though scattered, translations and commentaries of students of Old Gaelic and Old Welsh, he has chosen wisely, and that his readers will be able, should they wish, to use his book as a stepping-stone to the authorities themselves. To that end it is wholly directed; and its marginal notes and short bibliographical appendix follow the same plan. They do not aspire to anything like completeness, but only to point out the chief sources from which he himself has drawn.
To acknowledge, as far as possible, such debts is now the author's pleasing duty. First and foremost, he has relied upon the volumes of M. H. d'Arbois de Jubainville's Cours de Littérature celtique, and the Hibbert Lectures for 1886 of John Rhys, Professor of Celtic in the University of Oxford, with their sequel entitled Studies in the Arthurian Legend. From the writings of Mr. Alfred Nutt he has also obtained much help. With regard to direct translations, it seems almost superfluous to refer to Lady Charlotte Guest's Mabinogion and Mr. W. F. Skene's Four Ancient Books of Wales, or to the work of such well-known. Gaelic scholars as Mr. Eugene O'Curry, Dr. Kuno Meyer, Dr. Whitley Stokes, Dr. Ernest Windisch, Mr. Standish Hayes O'Grady (to mention no others), as contained in such publications as the Revue Celtique, the Atlantis, and the Transactions of the Ossianic Society, in Mr. O'Grady's Silva Gadelica, Mr. Nutt's Voyage of Bran, Son of Febal, and Miss Hull's Cuchullin Saga. But space is lacking to do justice to all. The reader is referred to the marginal notes and the Appendix for the works of these and other authors, who will no doubt pardon the use made of their researches to one whose sole object has been to gain a larger audience for the studies they have most at heart.
Finally, perhaps, a word should be said upon that vexed question, the transliteration of Gaelic. As yet there is no universal or consistent method of spelling. The author has therefore chosen the forms which seemed most familiar to himself, hoping in that way to best serve the uses of others.