Basic HTML Version
3.
(
$1 $
, 2888) denotes “a ruler of this world” (contrast
, “almighty”). In Greek literature, in Orphic hymns, etc., and in rabbinic
writings, it signifies a “ruler” of the whole world, a world lord. In the NT it is used in
Eph. 6:12, “the world rulers (of this darkness),”
RV
,
KJV
, “the rulers (of the darkness) of
this world.” The context (“not against flesh and blood”) shows that not earthly potentates
are indicated, but spirit powers, who, under the permissive will of God, and in
consequence of human sin, exercise satanic and therefore antagonistic authority over the
world in its present condition of spiritual darkness and alienation from God. The
suggested rendering “the rulers of this dark world” is ambiguous and not phraseologically
requisite. Cf. John 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 2 Cor. 4:4.¶
4.
(
1$
, 4173), “a ruler of a city” (
, “a city,”
, “to
rule”), “a politarch,” is used in Acts 17:6, 8, of the magistrates in Thessalonica, before
whom the Jews, with a mob of market idlers, dragged Jason and other converts, under the
charge of showing hospitality to Paul and Silas, and of treasonable designs against the
emperor. Thessalonica was a “free” city and the citizens could choose their own
politarchs. The accuracy of Luke has been vindicated by the use of the term, for while
classical authors use the terms
and
of similar “rulers,” the form
used by Luke is supported by inscriptions discovered at Thessalonica, one of which
mentions Sosipater, Secundus, and Gaius among the politarchs, names occurring as those
of Paul’s companions. Prof. Burton of Chicago, in a paper on “The Politarchs,” has
recorded 17 inscriptions which attest their existence, thirteen of which belong to
Macedonia and five presumably to Thessalonica itself, illustrating the influence of Rome
in the municipal organization of the place.¶
5.
(
$ $&
, 755) denotes “the superintendent of a banquet,”
whose duty lay in arranging the tables and food (
, “ruler,”
, lit., “a room
with three couches”), John 2:8, 9.¶
Notes:
(1) In Mark 13:9 and Luke 21:12,
KJV
,
, “a leader, a governor of a
province,” is translated “ruler” (
RV
, “governor”). See
GOVERNOR
,
PRINCE
, No. 3. (2) For
ruler of the synagogue, see
SYNAGOGUE
. (3) In Matt. 24:45,
KJV
,
, “to appoint,”
is translated “hath made ruler” (
RV
, “hath set”); so in v. 47; 25:21, 23; Luke 12:42, 44.
RUMOR
1.
(
)
, 189), “a hearing,” is translated “rumor” in Matt. 24:6; Mark 13:7. See
HEARING
, B, No. 1.
2.
(
W
, 2279), “a noise, sound,” is translated “rumor” in Luke 4:37,
RV
(
KJV
,
“fame”). See
ROAR
,
SOUND
.
Note:
In Luke 7:17,
KJV
,
, “a word,” is translated “rumor” (
RV
, “report”).
RUN, RAN
1.
(
$!
, 5143), “to run,” is used (a) literally, e.g., Matt. 27:48 (
, an
aorist participle, from an obsolete verb
, but supplying certain forms absent from
, lit., “having run, running,” expressive of the decisiveness of the act); the same