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Index of Early Britain--Roman Britain, by Edward Conybeare
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Maps from The Atlas of Ancient and Classical Geography by Samuel Butler
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A complete Bibliography of Roman Britain would be wholly beyond the scope of the present work. Much of the most valuable material, indeed, has never been published in book form, and must be sought out in the articles of the 'Antiquary,' 'Hermes,' etc., and the reports of the many local Archaeological Societies. All that is here attempted is to indicate some of the more valuable of the many scores of sources to which my pages are indebted.
To begin with the ancient authorities. These range through upwards of a thousand years; from Herodotus in the 5th century before Christ, to Gildas in the 6th century after. From about 100 A.D. onwards we find that almost every known classical authority makes more or less mention of Britain. A list of over a hundred such authors is given in the 'Monumenta Historica Britannica'; and upwards of fifty are quoted in this present work. Historians, poets, geographers, naturalists, statesmen, ecclesiastics, all give touches which help out our delineation of Roman Britain.
Amongst the historians the most important are—Caesar, who tells his own tale; Tacitus, to whom we owe our main knowledge of the Conquest, with the later stages of which he was contemporary; Dion Cassius, who wrote his history in the next century, the 2nd A.D.;[3] the various Imperial biographers of the 3rd century; the Imperial panegyrists of the 4th, along with Ammianus Marcellinus, who towards the close of that century connects and supplements their stories; Claudian, the poet-historian of the 5th century, whose verses throw a lurid gleam on his own disastrous age, when Roman authority in Britain was at its last gasp; and finally the British writers, Nennius and Gildas, whose "monotonous plaint" shows that authority dead and gone, with the first stirring of our new national life already quickening amid the decay.
Of geographical and general information we gain most from Strabo, in the Augustan age, who tells what earlier and greater geographers than himself had already discovered about our island; Pliny the Elder, who, in the next century, found the ethnology and botany of Britain so valuable for his 'Natural History'; Ptolemy, a generation later yet, who includes an elaborate survey of our island in his stupendous Atlas (as it would now be called) of the world;[4] and the unknown compilers of the 'Itinerary,' the 'Notitia,' and the 'Ravenna Geography.' To these must be added the epigrammatist Martial, who lived at the time of the Conquest, and whose references to British matters throw a precious light on the social connection between Britain and Rome which aids us to trace something of the earliest dawn of Christianity in our land.[5]
ANCIENT AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK
| NAME. | REFERENCE. | APPROXIMATE DATE, ETC. |
| Aelian | III. A. 6 | A.D. 220. Naturalist. |
| Appian | IV. D. 1 | A.D. 140. Historian. |
| Aristides | V.E. 4 | A.D. 160. Orator. |
| Aristotle | I.C. 1 | B.C. 333. Philosopher. |
| St. Athanasius | V.B. 1, etc. | A.D. 333. Theologian. |
| Ausonius | V.B. 7 | A.D. 380. Poet. |
| Caesar | V. etc. | B.C. 55.Historian. |
| Capitolinus | IV. E. 3 | A.D. 290. Imperial Biographer. |
| Catullus | V.E. 4 | B.C. 33. Poet. |
| St. Chrysostom | V.E. 15, etc. | A.D. 380. Theologian. |
| Cicero | I.D. 3, etc. | B.C. 55. Orator, etc. |
| Claudian | vi. etc. | A.D. 400. Poet-Historian. |
| St. Clement | V.E. 4 | A.D. 80. Theologian. |
| Constantius | V.F. 4 | A.D. 480. Ecclesiastical Biographer. |
| Diodorus Siculus | I.E. 11, etc. | B.C. 44. Geographer. |
| Dion Cassius | v. etc. | A.D. 150. Historian. |
| Dioscorides | I.E. 4 | A.D. 80. Physician. |
| Eumenius | V.A. 1 | A.D. 310. Imperial Panegyrist. |
| Eutropius | V.A. 1 | A.D. 300. Imperial Panegyrist. |
| Firmicus | V.B. 2 | A.D. 350. Controversialist. |
| Frontinus | III. A. 1 | A.D. 80. Wrote on Tactics. |
| Fronto | IV. D. 2 | A.D. 100. Historian. |
| Gildas | vi. etc. | A.D. 500. Theologian. |
| Hegesippus | II. F. 3 | A.D. 150. Historian. |
| Herodian | IV. E. 3 | A.D. 220. Historian. |
| Herodotus | I.C. 3 | B.C. 444. Historian, etc. |
| St. Hilary | V.B. 3 | A.D. 350. Theologian. |
| Horace | III. A. 7 | B.C. 25. Poet. |
| Itinerary | IV. A. 7 | A.D. 200. |
| St. Jerome | V.C. 12 | A.D. 400. Theologian. |
| Josephus | III. F. 1 | A.D. 70. Historian. |
| Juvenal | III. F. 5 | A.D. 75. Satirist. |
| Lampridius | IV. E. 1 | A.D. 290. Imperial Biographer. |
| Lucan | II. E. 1 | A.D. 60. Historical Poet. |
| Mamertinus | V.A. 5 | A.D. 280. Panegyrist. |
| Marcellinus | vi. etc. | A.D. 380. Historian. |
| Martial | vi. etc. | A.D. 70. Epigrammatist. |
| Maximus | II. C. 13 | A.D. 30. Wrote Memorabilia. |
| Mela | I.H. 7 | A.D. 50. Geographer, etc. |
| Menologia Graeca | V.E. 5 | A.D. 550. |
| Minucius Felix | I.E. 2 | A.D. 210. Geographer. |
| Nemesianus | IV. C. 15 | A.D. 280. Wrote on Hunting. |
| Nennius | vi. etc. | A.D. 500. Historian. |
| Notitia | vi. etc. | A.D. 406. |
| Olympiodorus | V.C. 10 | A.D. 425. Historian. |
| Onomacritus | I.C. 1 | B.C. 333. Poet. |
| Oppian | IV. C. 15 | A.D. 140. Wrote on Hunting |
| Origen | V.E. 13 | A.D. 220. Theologian. |
| Pliny | vi. etc. | A.D. 70. Naturalist. |
| Plutarch | I.C. 1 | A.D. 80. Historian, etc. |
| Polyaenus | II. E. 8 | A.D. 180. Wrote on Tactics. |
| Procopius | V.D. 5 | A.D. 555. Wrote on Geography, etc. |
| Propertius | III. 1. 7 | B.C. 10. Poet. |
| Prosper | V.F. 4 | A.D. 450. Ecclesiastical Historian. |
| Prudentius | IV. C. 15 | A.D. 370. Ecclesiastical Poet. |
| Ptolemy | v. etc. | A.D. 120. Geographer. |
| Ravenna Geography | vi. etc. | A.D. 450. |
| Seneca | III. C. 7 | A.D. 60. Philosopher. |
| Sidonius Apollinaris | V.F. 3 | A.D. 475. Letters. |
| Solinus | I.E. 4, etc. | A.D. 80. Geographer. |
| Spartianus | IV. D. 2 | A.D. 303. Historian. |
| Strabo | vi. etc. | B.C. 20. Geographer. |
| Suetonius | I.H. 10 | A.D. 110. Imperial Biographer. |
| Symmachus | IV. C. 15 | A.D. 390. Statesman, etc. |
| Tacitus | v. etc. | A.D. 80. Historian. |
| Tertullian | V.E. 11 | A.D. 180. Theologian. |
| Theodoret | V.E. 4 | A.D. 420. Wrote Commentaries. |
| Tibullus | III. A. 7 | B.C. 20. Poet. |
| Timaeus | I.D. 2 | B.C. 300. Geographer. |
| Vegetius | V.B. 5 | A.D. 380. Historian. |
| Venantius | V.E. 4 | A.D. 580. Wrote Ecclesiastical Poems. |
| Victor | V.A. 9 | A.D. 380. Historian. |
| Virgil | III. 1. 7 | B.C. 30. Poet. |
| Vitruvius | I.G. 5 | A.D. Wrote on Geography, etc. |
| Vobiscus | IV. C. 17 | A.D. 290. Historian. |
| Xiphilinus | vi. etc. | A.D. 1200. Abridged Dio Cassius. |
| Zosimus | V.C. 11 | A.D. 400. Historian. |
LATER AUTHORITIES
The constant accession of new material, especially from the unceasing spade-work always going on in every quarter of the island, makes modern books on Roman Britain tend to become obsolete, sometimes with startling rapidity. But even when not quite up to date, a well-written book is almost always very far from worthless, and much may be learnt from any in the following list:—
| BABCOCK | 'The Two Last Centuries of Roman Britain' (1891). |
| BARNES | 'Ancient Britain' (1858). |
| BROWNE, BISHOP | 'The Church before Augustine' (1895). |
| BRUCE | 'Handbook to the Roman Wall' (1895). |
| CAMDEN | 'Britannia' (1587). |
| COOTE | 'Romans in Britain' (1878). |
| DAWKINS | 'Early Man in Britain' (1880). |
| 'The Place of the Welsh in English History' (1889). | |
| DILL | 'Roman Society' (1899). |
| ELTON | 'Origins of English History' (1890). |
| EVANS, SIR J. | 'British Coins' (1869). |
| 'Bronze Implements' (1881). | |
| 'Stone Implements' (1897). | |
| FREEMAN | 'Historical Essays' (1879). |
| 'English Towns' (1883). | |
| 'Tyrants of Britain' (1886). | |
| FROUDE | 'Julius Caesar' (1879). |
| GUEST | 'Origines Celticae' (1883). |
| HADDAN AND STUBBS | 'Concilia' (1869). |
| 'Remains' (1876). | |
| HARDY | 'Monumenta Historica Britannica' (1848). |
| HAVERFIELD | 'Roman World' (1899), etc. |
| HODGKIN | 'Italy and her Invaders' (1892), etc. |
| HOGARTH (ed.) | 'Authority and Archaeology' (1899). |
| HORSLEY | 'Britannia Romana' (1732). |
| HUEBNER | 'Inscriptiones Britannicae Romanae' (1873). |
| 'Inscriptiones Britannicae' | |
| 'Christianae' (1876), etc. | |
| KEMBLE | 'Saxons in England' (1876). |
| KENRICK | 'Phoenicia' (1855). |
| 'Papers on History' (1864). | |
| LEWIN | 'Invasion of Britain' (1862). |
| LUBBOCK, SIR J. | 'Origin of Civilization' (1889). |
| LYALL | 'Natural Religion' (1891). |
| LYELL | 'Antiquity of Man' (1873). |
| MAINE, SIR H. | 'Early History of Institutions' (1876). |
| MAITLAND | 'Domesday Studies' (1897). |
| MARQUARDT | 'Römische Staatsverwaltung' (1873). |
| MOMMSEN | 'Provinces of the Roman Empire' (1865). |
| NEILSON | 'Per Lineam Valli' (1892). |
| PEARSON | 'Historical Atlas of Britain' (1870). |
| RHYS | 'Celtic Britain' (1882). |
| 'Celtic Heathendom' (1888). | |
| 'Welsh People' (1900). | |
| ROLLESTON | 'British Barrows' (1877). |
| 'Prehistoric Fauna' (1880). | |
| SCARTH | 'Roman Britain' (1885). |
| SMITH, C.R. | 'Collectanea' (1848), etc. |
| TOZER | 'History of Ancient Geography' (1897). |
| TRAILL AND MANN | 'Social England' (1901). |
| USHER, BP. | 'British Ecclesiastical Antiquity' (1639). |
| VINE | 'Caesar in Kent' (1899). |
| WRIGHT | 'Celt, Roman and Saxon' (1875). |
Aaron of Caerleon, 259
Addeomarus, 130
Adder-beads, 71
Adelfius, 259
Adminius, 126,
128, 130
Aetius, 245
Agricola, 156,
160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165
Agriculture, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 191, 231
Agrippina, 140,
149, 150
Akeman Street, 166
Alaric, 237,
243
Alban, St., 227,
259
Albany, 247
Albinus, 200
Albion, 32
Alexander Severus, 71
Allectus, 220,
223, 224, 231
Alleluia Battle, 264
Alpine dogs, 191
Amber, 48, 49
Ambleteuse, 86,
95
Amboglanna, 174,
204
Aminus. See Adminius
Amphitheatres, 185,
224
Ancalites, 55,
120
Ancyran Tablet, 128
Anderida, 56,
240, 250, 265
Anglesey, 154,
161
Antedrigus, 131,
146
Antonines, 213
Antoninus Pius, 171, 197, 214
Aquae Sulis, 183.
See Bath
Aquila, 257
Arianism, 230
Arms, 49, 178
Army of Britain, 159, 160, 199, 200, 218, 228, 230, 235, 242
Army of Church, 268
Arthur, 247
Arthur's Well, 205
Asclepiodotus, 224
Ash-pits, 177,
186
Asturians, 204,
205
Atrebates, 55,
56, 82, 87, 125, 127, 142
Attacotti, 46,
194, 233
Augusta, 180,
233
Augustine, 243
Augustus, 128,
129
Avebury, 30
Bards, 66
Barham Down, 110,
114
Barns, British, 40
Barrows, 29,
60
Basilicas, 185
Baskets, 43
Basques, 51
Bath, 60, 170, 174, 183
Battle Bridge, 157
Beads, 48, 128
Beatus, St., 262
Bee-keeping, 42
Beer, 42
Belgae, 52, 57, 61
Belisarius, 249
Bericus. See Vericus
Bibroci, 55,
56, 120
Birdoswald, 174,
203, 204
Bishops, British, 230, 255, 259
Boadicea, 152,
157, 158, 253
Borcovicus, 205
Boulogne, 86,
220, 223, 233
Breeches, 47
Brigantes, 49,
57, 146, 148, 160, 197, 206
[270] Brige, 175
Britain, "Upper" and "Lower," 195
Britannia coins, 197
Britannia I. and II., 59, 225
Britannicus, 136,
140, 199
British coins, 38,
125, 126, 127
Lion, 126, 210, 221
Britons, Origin of, 32
Brittany, 235
Bronze, 3030,
33
Brownies, 29
Brutus, 151
Cadiz, 34
Cadwallon. See Cassivellaunus
Caer Caradoc, 148
Caergwent, 184
Caerleon, 150,
166, 179, 182, 195, 239, 259
Caer Segent, 56
Caesar, Julius:
Earlier career, 73-83
First invasion, 83-101
Second invasion, 102-123
Caesar (as title), 222
Caesar's horse, 107
Caledonians, 163,
194, 201, 202, 213, 232
Caligula, 126,
130
Calleva, 56,
172, etc.
See Silchester
Cambridge, 171,
175, 178, 266
Camelodune, 127,
135, 147, 152, 154, 176
Cangi, 146
Cannibalism, 46,
233
Canterbury, 265
Caracalla, 171,
201, 212-214
Caractacus (Caradoc, Caratac), 127, 134, 137, 147, 148, 149
Carausius, 180,
220, 221, 245
Carlisle, 175,
204
Cartismandua, 148,
150, 160
Cassi, 54, 55, 120
Cassiterides, 34
Cassivellaunus (Caswallon), 109, 113-122, 127
Cateuchlani (Cattivellauni), 55, 58, 59, 109, 121, 127
Cattle, British, 45
Celestine, Pope, 263
Celtic types, 50
Cerealis, 160
Cerne Abbas, 65
Chariots, British, 50, 92, 99, 115, 129, 134, 163
Charnwood, 190
Chedworth, 58,
267
Chester, 162,
167, 174, 179, 182, 195, 247, 250
"Chester" (suffix), 175, 183, 250
Chesters. See Cilurnum
Chichester, 141
Chives, 205
Christianity, British, 225-230, 251-268
Churches, British, 185, 264-267
Cicero, 36, 75, 77, 104-106, 122, 151
Cilurnum, 204,
205, 211
Cirencester, 255.
See Corinium
Citizenship, Roman, 140, 141, 213, 214
Clans, British, 52,
55-59
Claudia Rufina, 141, 256, 257
Claudius, 131,
134-143, 147, 149, 150
Clement, St., 252
Climate, British, 40, 185
Cogidubnus, 141,
256
Cohorts, 86,
114, 239
Coins, British, 38,
54, 125-127
Romano-British, 139, 177, 197, 221, 246
Colchester (Colonia), 167, 171, 175, 176, 222. See
Camelodune
Colonies, 147,
152-154, 175
Columba, 71,
72, 268
Comitatenses, 239
Commius, 54,
83, 87, 94, 101, 121, 124-127, 130
Commodus, 199,
200
Constans, 230
Constantine I., 222, 227-229
III., 242
Constantius I., 180, 222-224, 227-229
[271] Constantius II., 231, 260
Cony Castle, 30
Coracles, 37,
245
Corinium 179,
189-191. See
Cirencester
Corn-growing, 40,
191, 231
Coronation Oath, 260
Council of Ariminum, 230, 260
Arles, 230, 259
Cloveshoo, 267
Constance, 255
Nice, 230
Count of Britain, 240, 243, 247
the Saxon Shore, 220, 240, 243
Counts of the Empire, 240
Coway Stakes, 119
Cromlechs, 29
Cymbeline (Cunobelin), 54, 126-128
Cymry, 247
Damnonii, 57,
58, 61, 80, 247
Deal, 89, 108
Decangi, 146
Decentius, 231
Decurions, 182
Dedication of churches, 261
Dene Holes, 41
"Dioceses," 222
Diocletian, 59,
71, 219, 221, 222, 224-227
Divitiacus, 82,
109
Divorce, 259
"Divus," 123,
227
Dobuni, 57, 132
Dogs, British, 190
Dol, 235
Dolmens, 29
Domestic animals, 45, 46
Domitian, 163
Domitilla, 257
Dorchester, 61
Dover, 87
Dragon standard, 244
"Druidesses," 71,
154, 155
Druidism, 62-
72
Duke of the Britains, 239, 243, 247
Duke of the Britons, 245
Duns, 60
Durotriges, 57,
61
Eagles, Legionary, 90, 91, 228
Eboracum, 174
Eborius, 259
Elephants, 107,
119, 134
Eleutherius, 258
Emeriti, 214
English, 232,
245, 246
Epping Forest, 47,
190
Equinoctial hours, 39, 40
Erinus Hispanicus, 204
Ermine Street, 166-170
Exports, British, 128, 129
Fastidius, Faustus, 263
Flavians, 133
Fleam Dyke, 144,
145
Fleet, British, 182, 221
Forests, 47,
56-58, 189
Fosse Way, 166,
167, 169
Frampton, 267
Franks, 219,
224, 237
Frisians, 200,
220, 248
Fruit-trees, 186
Gael, 32, 50
Galerius, 222,
227, 228
Galgacus, 163
Galloway, 46,
194, 233, 248, 261
Gates of London, 179
Geese, 46
Gelt, R., 210
Genuini, 197
Germanus, 263-265
Gerontius (Geraint), 242
Geta, 201, 213
Gladiators, 136,
137, 224
Glass, 48, 129
Glastonbury, 27,
57, 254, 255
Glazed ware, 188
Gnossus, 37
Gog-Magog Hills, 219
Gold, 30, 39, 48
Goths, 249
[272] Grindelwald, 262
Gulf Stream, 40
Hadrian, 181,
194-197
Hair-dye, 48,
129
Handicrafts, 187,
188
Hardway, 36
Hasta Pura, 138
Havre, 223
Helena, 222,
227
"Hengist and Horsa," 245
Heretics, 263
Honorius, 242,
243
Horseshoes, 177
Hounds, 190
Hugh, St., 185
Huntingdon, 171
Hypocausts, 189,
205
Iberians, 251
Iceni, 54, 57, 58, 59, 120, 130, 142-146, 152, 157, 170
Icknield Street, 144, 145, 167, 170, 186
Ictis, 35
Ierne, 32, 234, 236. See Ireland
Immanuentius, 109
Imperial visits, 134, 194, 201, 223, 230
Ireland, 162,
232, 262, 268. See Ierne
Iron, 33, 50
Itinerary, 171,
172, 173, 175
Jadite, 29
Jerome, St., 46,
191, 233, 260
Jerusalem, 160,
181, 260
Joseph of Arimathaea, 254
Julia Domna, 209,
210, 213
Lex, 192, 243
Julian, 191,
225, 231, 232
Julianus, 200
Julius Caesar. See Caesar
Classicianus, 158
Firmicus, 230
of Caerleon, 259
Juridicus Britanniae, 181
Justinian, 181,
248
Justus, 262
Kalendar of Druids, 64
"Keels," Saxon, 221, 245
Kent, 55, 121, 127, 142, 247-249
Kilns, 187
King's Cross, 157
Koridwen, 155
Labarum, 188,
228, 229, 267
Labienus, 107,
122, 123
Lambeth, 168
Lead-mining, 39,
146, 188
Legates, 141,
197, 200, 232
Legion II., 133,
150, 157, 174, 182, 239
VI., 174, 182, 239
VII., 99
IX., 133, 154, 157, 178, 181, 194
X., 91, 99
XIV., 133, 150, 156, 160
XX., 133, 150, 157, 160, 174, 182, 234, 237, 240
Legionary feeling, 91, 157
Legions, Roman, 86,
90, 91, 231, 238, 239
Leicester, 183
Libelli, 226
Liber Landavensis, 259
Licinius, 228
Ligurians, 51
Lincoln, 171,
175, 185, 250, 259
Linus, 257
Lion, British, 126,
210, 221
Loddon, R., 134
Logris, 51
Lollius Urbicus, 197, 198
London, 60, 117, 118, 122, 154, 156, 157, 166, 168, 169, 171,
179-183, 224, 233, 241, 250, 259
Lupicinus, 232
Lupus, 263
Lyminge, 265
Lyons, 200,
258
Magna, 208
Magnentius, 230,
231
Maiden Castle, 61
Way, 169
[273] Mandubratius, 109, 122, 127
Mansions, 189
Manures, 40
Marcus Aurelius, 215
Marseilles, 35,
38
Martial, 43,
141, 255-257
Martin, St., 261,
262
Martyrs, British, 227, 259
Mastiffs, 190
Mater Deum, 209,
210
Maxentius, 228
Maximian, 222,
225, 227, 228
Maximin, 228
Maximus, 235
Mead, 42
Meatae, 201,
202, 232
Mendips, 39,
188
Mile Castles, 195,
204
Milestones, 180
Millstones, 44
Missionaries, British, 261, 262
Mistletoe, 67,
68
Mithraism, 207,
208, 228
Mona, 154, 155, 161
Money-box, 184
Morgan, 263
Mutter-recht, 46
Narcissus, 131
Needwood, 58,
190
Nennius, 171-173, 244-247
Neolithic Age, 28-30
Nero, 151, 158, 159
Nervii, 54
Newcastle, 204
Ninias, 261,
262, 264
North Tyne R., 211
Notitia, 171,
173, 174, 237-242
Oberland, 262
Ocean, 33, 85, 97, 122, 131, 236, 238, 256
Ogre, 29
"Old England's Hole," 111
Optio, 211
Ordovices, 57,
147
Ostorius, 142-149
Otho, 159, 160
Paganism suppressed, 230
Palaeolithic period, 26-28
Pansa, 198
Pantheon, Druidic, 62, 64
Parisii, 54,
58, 82
Parjetting, 187
Patrick, St., 71,
262
Paul, St., 251-257
Pax Romana, 165,
178, 187
Pearls, British, 128
Peel Crag, 203
Pelagius, 263
Perennis, 199
Pertinax, 200
Peter, St., 252,
253
Petronius, 158
Phoenicians, 33-37
Picts, 193,
207, 232-236, 245, 259, 261, 264
Pilgrims, British, 260
Pilgrims' Way, 36
Pillars, multiple, 185
Pilum, 158
Pirates, 219-221, 235, 245
Plautius, 131,
134, 137, 147, 256
Plough, British, 40
Pomponia, 256
Population, 59,
178
Portsmouth Harbour, 132, 240, 252
Port Way, 186
Posidonius, 36,
82
Posting, 189,
227
Postumus, 218
Pottery, 30,
187
Praetorium, 181
Prasutagus, 152
Precedents, British, 182
Prefectures, 221
Prince of Wales, 247
Priscilla, 257
Priscus, 159
Probus, 192,
218
Pro-consuls, 74,
77, 142, 198
Procurator of Britain, 152, 153, 158
Prosper, 263
Provinces, 59,
74, 77, 195, 198, 222, 225, 230, 240
[274] Ptolemy, 171-175
Pudens, 141,
256, 257
Pytheas, 34-36, 38-40, 42, 45, 49, 51, 55
Querns, 44
Quiberon, Battle off, 81
Quintus Cicero, 104, 105, 106
Radagaisus, 237
Rampart of Agricola, 163, 194, 198, 201, 234
Rationalis Britanniarum, 241
Regni, 57, 142
Ribchester, 176,
266
Richborough, 88,
108, 121, 175, 223, 233, 235, 239
Rings, 186
Rite, British, 267
River-bed men, 26,
27
Rogation Days, 267
Roman citizenship, 140, 141, 213, 214
Roman roads, 117,
166-171
Royal roads, 167
Rycknield Street, 166, 170
Saexe, 219,
246
Sallustius Lucullus, 164
Samian pottery, 188
"Sarsen," 30,
31
Sarum, 175
Saturnalia, 132
Saxons, 193,
206, 219, 233, 234, 236, 238, 244, 245
See English
Saxon Shore, 219
Scotch dogs, 191
Scots, 232-238, 246, 262
Scythed chariots, 100
Seers, 66
Segontium, 127,
172, 228
Selwood, 38,
190
Seneca, 140,
152
Settle, 251
Severus, 200-203, 209-213, 231
Sherwood, 58,
190
Shields, British, 49, 50
Roman, 178
Ships, British, 37,
80
Venetian, 79, 80
Caesar's, 81, 103
Scotch, 232
Saxon, 245
Silchester, 56,
162, 175, 179, 183-188, 264, 265
Silurians, 51,
57, 146-150, 161
Silver, 39, 186
Simon Magus, 71
Zelotes, 253
"Snake's Egg," 70,
71
South Foreland, 89
Spain, 77, 103, 155, 200, 222, 242
Squads, 239
Squared word, 189
Stamford, Battle of, 232, 246
Staters, 38
"Stations," 202,
203
Stilicho, 235-237, 242
Stoke-by-Nayland, 265
Stonehenge, 30,
31
"Streets," 169
Suetonius Paulinus, 154-158, 161
Sul, 183
Sussex, 50, 128, 142
Sylla, 75
Syracuse, 219
Tabulae Missionis, 214
Tartan, 47
Tasciovan, 54,
127, 128, 130, 156
Tattooing, 48
Taxation, 192
Thames, 56, 117-119, 122, 134
Thanet, 36, 108, 245
Theatres, 153,
184
Theodosius the Elder, 233, 234
Great, 230, 235, 242, 268
Thimbles, Roman, 177
Tides, 88, 93, 96, 108, 124, 233
Tin, 33-38, 128
Tincommius, 54,
125, 128
Titus, 133,
137
Togodumnus, 134,
147
Tonsure, Druidic, 72
Treasury, 180,
241
Trebatius, 104
Trees, 47
[275] Tribal boundaries, 56-58
Tribune, 114,
138, 209, 239
Trident, 49
Trinobantes, 55,
57, 59, 109, 122, 127
Triumphs, 135,
149
Tufa, 244, 247
Turf wall, 197,
198, 206
Tyrants, 53,
54, 247
"Ugrians," 29-31, 62
Ulpius Marcellus, 199, 211
Ulysses, 64,
248
Uriconium, 150,
179, 184
Ushant, 155
Uther, 244
Valens, 234
Valentia, 225,
234, 237, 240
Valentinian I., 230, 233
II., 235
III., 177, 246
Vallum, 205-
207, 233
Vandals, 219,
237
Varus, 130
Veneti, 79-81
Verica, 125
Vericus, 130,
142, 143, 152
Verulam, 120,
127, 156, 157, 168, 227, 263
Vespasian, 133,
137, 159
Vexillatio, 210
Via Devana, 166,
167
Vicar of Britain, 240, 243
Victorinus, 218
Villages, 27,
44, 45, 129
Villas, 188,
189, 267
Vine-growing, 192
Visi-goths, 243
Volisius, 54
Vortigern, 245
Wagons, 36
Wall (of Hadrian), 174, 195, 196, 202-212
Wall (of London, etc.), 179
Water-supply, 60,
162, 211
Watling Street, 118, 166-170
Wattle churches, 254, 255, 265
Weald, 57, 189
Wells, 186
West Saxons, 248
Whitherne, 261,
262
Wight, I. of, 36,
133, 189, 224
Winchester, 175
Winter thorn, 254
